>98%
of Americans tested carry forever chemicals in their blood.1
CDC biomonitoring, NHANES
What they are
They were made never to break down. They don’t.12
Their backbone is the carbon–fluorine bond, the strongest single bond in organic chemistry. Heat, light and microbes barely touch it.
Inside you, they ride in your plasma.11
Most forever chemicals in blood travel bound to serum proteins: shorter chains to albumin, longer chains increasingly to globulins.
Your body takes years to clear half of them.3
Half-life measured after exposure ended: about 3.4 years for PFOS, 5.3 for PFHxS, 2.7 for PFOA.
One of them is now classified as a human carcinogen.4
WHO’s cancer agency placed PFOA in Group 1 in 2023. PFOS was placed in Group 2B.
The evidence is strong enough for clinical guidance.5
The National Academies found sufficient evidence linking PFAS to lower antibody response, higher cholesterol, lower birth weight and kidney cancer.
Where they come from
The federal limit for PFOS in drinking water. And the same for PFOA.13
Regulators set the bar near the lowest level labs can reliably measure. Water utilities across the country are now spending to meet it. The chemicals already in people are a different problem, and nobody regulates those.
PFDS FOSA 10:2FTS 10:2FTS PFBS PFODA PFHpS PFHxDA PFTrDA PFHpS PFODA PFBS PFDoDA PFOA PFHxSA PFHxS FOSA PFPeA 8:2FTS PFDoDA 10:2FTS 3:3FTCA PFBA PFDoS PFTrDA PFNA PFDS PFMPA 8:2FTS PFDoDA PFDS ADONA PFHpS PFEESA PFBSA NMeFOSE 8:2FTS PFHxDA 9Cl-PF3ONS 8:2FTS PFPrS NEtFOSAA PFODA PFUnDA ADONA 3:3FTCA PFPrS PFDS 6:2diPAP PFMPA PFBSA PFECHS PFDoDA PFMPA 10:2FTS PFMPA PFHxSA PFBS FOSA PFPeS PFBS 7:3FTCA ADONA PFDS 9Cl-PF3ONS PFMBA PFDS 3:3FTCA PFDoS 4:2FTS PFDoDA NMeFOSE PFEESA PFBSA PFNS NMeFOSE PFNS PFPeS 6:2diPAP 9Cl-PF3ONS PFDoDA PFOA 8:2FTS PFODA PFPrS PFMBA 11Cl-PF3OUdS PFBA 8:2FTS PFHxA PFHpS PFTrDA PFEESA 6:2diPAP PFMPA PFPrS PFDS PFTeDA 6:2FTS PFDS ADONA PFPeS 8:2diPAP PFPrS 9Cl-PF3ONS 7:3FTCA 8:2diPAP PFHxDA PFDoDA 8:2diPAP 3:3FTCA PFNS PFEESA PFHxS PFECHS PFHxA NEtFOSE 6:2diPAP NEtFOSE PFHxA ADONA NEtFOSE NMeFOSE HFPO-DA PFBS FOSA PFPeS PFTeDA 10:2FTS PFBSA PFUnDA PFHpS PFTeDA PFOA 8:2FTS PFODA 3:3FTCA PFBSA PFHxSA 6:2diPAP PFHxA PFMPA HFPO-DA PFODA PFNA 7:3FTCA PFBA PFDoDA NMeFOSAA PFUnDA 6:2FTS NMeFOSAA PFDoS NMeFOSE 3:3FTCA 6:2diPAP PFOA NFDHA 7:3FTCA 9Cl-PF3ONS PFHxA PFBA NEtFOSAA HFPO-DA PFTrDA PFEESA PFBSA PFHxSA 7:3FTCA NFDHA PFHpS PFHxDA PFHxS FOSA PFHxA 11Cl-PF3OUdS 5:3FTCA 8:2diPAP PFTeDA PFTrDA PFDS 8:2FTS 10:2FTS PFHxS PFDS 8:2FTS NEtFOSE PFNS ADONA PFNS NEtFOSE FOSA 8:2FTS PFHxS PFODA ADONA 8:2FTS PFHxA NEtFOSAA 4:2FTS PFMBA PFNA PFOA PFHxA 3:3FTCA PFBA PFODA NMeFOSAA PFPeS PFMPA NFDHA PFBSA 11Cl-PF3OUdS HFPO-DA PFHpA FOSA 7:3FTCA 8:2FTS PFDoDA PFTrDA PFHpA PFUnDA 9Cl-PF3ONS PFTeDA PFHxS NMeFOSAA NMeFOSAA 3:3FTCA 11Cl-PF3OUdS FOSA PFHxA ADONA PFDoDA PFDA 9Cl-PF3ONS PFEESA PFMPA NEtFOSE NEtFOSE 8:2FTS PFHxA ADONA PFHxSA FOSA PFDoDA PFHpA NEtFOSAA PFTeDA PFHxSA PFDoDA PFBA PFNS 10:2FTS PFTrDA PFNA NFDHA 9Cl-PF3ONS PFOA ADONA PFDS PFHxS PFHpA 8:2diPAP PFNS PFHxDA PFNS 7:3FTCA PFMPA PFPeS NMeFOSE 4:2FTS PFECHS PFHpA PFBSA PFHpA PFUnDA PFECHS PFDoDA PFHxSA 9Cl-PF3ONS PFHxSA 4:2FTS NMeFOSAA PFTrDA PFHxSA NMeFOSAA PFDS PFNA 9Cl-PF3ONS PFHpA PFPeA PFTeDA PFBA PFDA 7:3FTCA 8:2diPAP PFDoS PFNA HFPO-DA PFPrS 8:2FTS PFTeDA PFECHS 10:2FTS 8:2diPAP 6:2diPAP FOSA PFHxA PFUnDA PFDA NMeFOSAA 4:2FTS 11Cl-PF3OUdS NFDHA 11Cl-PF3OUdS PFDoS PFTrDA PFTrDA PFMPA NMeFOSAA PFBA 7:3FTCA PFPeA PFHxSA PFDS PFDoS HFPO-DA PFHpS PFNS 9Cl-PF3ONS 6:2FTS PFTeDA NFDHA 6:2FTS PFDS PFTrDA PFMBA NEtFOSE PFHxSA PFMBA PFPeS 11Cl-PF3OUdS 8:2diPAP NFDHA PFPeS PFPeA NMeFOSE PFHxA NFDHA 5:3FTCA PFBS PFDoDA PFDA PFBA NEtFOSE PFDoDA NMeFOSAA PFNA PFEESA NMeFOSE 7:3FTCA PFHpA PFHxS 8:2diPAP PFODA 6:2diPAP 8:2FTS PFPeA PFHxSA PFPeA 10:2FTS PFTrDA NMeFOSAA PFECHS PFTrDA PFODA PFHpA 5:3FTCA 8:2FTS PFDS PFHpS PFEESA PFPeA 3:3FTCA PFDA PFNS NEtFOSAA 7:3FTCA 5:3FTCA PFBA NMeFOSE PFMPA HFPO-DA PFODA PFHpS 3:3FTCA PFHpA 7:3FTCA 6:2diPAP 8:2FTS PFNS 5:3FTCA PFBA PFDA 9Cl-PF3ONS PFTrDA PFMBA ADONA PFDoDA 10:2FTS ADONA PFHpS PFOS PFHxDA FOSA NEtFOSE PFNA PFDS 8:2diPAP PFDoDA PFDoDA PFBS 3:3FTCA PFDA PFHpA PFHxSA PFODA PFTrDA PFECHS 5:3FTCA PFPeA PFMBA ADONA 11Cl-PF3OUdS NMeFOSE NMeFOSE PFEESA NMeFOSE 5:3FTCA 6:2FTS PFOA PFMPA 7:3FTCA PFDoS HFPO-DA 11Cl-PF3OUdS 10:2FTS PFUnDA PFHxS 10:2FTS NEtFOSAA 11Cl-PF3OUdS NEtFOSE PFOA NFDHA 6:2FTS NMeFOSAA PFPeA 8:2diPAP PFMPA 11Cl-PF3OUdS 6:2FTS NFDHA NMeFOSE PFHpA PFNA PFDS PFHxS PFBA PFTrDA PFHxSA NEtFOSAA NMeFOSAA 7:3FTCA PFHxS 8:2FTS PFBSA FOSA PFBA PFHxS PFPrS PFNA PFUnDA PFODA PFDoDA PFOA PFBSA 11Cl-PF3OUdS PFPrS PFHxS NEtFOSAA PFTeDA PFPeA PFTeDA 6:2diPAP PFBS PFHpA PFHpA PFHpS 8:2FTS NMeFOSE PFBS PFHxDA 8:2diPAP 6:2FTS 6:2diPAP PFNA PFEESA 5:3FTCA PFTrDA PFUnDA PFHpA ADONA PFECHS PFHpA 7:3FTCA 7:3FTCA PFBS PFNA 8:2diPAP 8:2FTS NMeFOSAA 6:2FTS NMeFOSAA PFNS PFDS FOSA NEtFOSE 8:2diPAP PFBSA 6:2FTS FOSA PFDoS 8:2diPAP PFHxS PFDA PFODA PFNA PFTeDA PFHpA PFUnDA PFDS PFTrDA PFHpS PFECHS NMeFOSAA PFDA PFDA PFEESA PFMPA 3:3FTCA PFDA PFHxA 8:2diPAP NMeFOSE PFHxSA 6:2FTS PFDoDA 8:2diPAP NFDHA PFHpS NFDHA HFPO-DA 9Cl-PF3ONS PFUnDA PFBA 8:2diPAP PFEESA PFNA 6:2diPAP PFDA PFDoS PFMPA PFBA 6:2FTS PFDoDA 8:2diPAP PFBA PFPrS 7:3FTCA PFDoDA PFNS ADONA PFTrDA 8:2FTS 8:2FTS PFPeA ADONA 9Cl-PF3ONS HFPO-DA ADONA PFPeS PFDA PFTrDA PFTeDA NMeFOSE PFTeDA PFPrS 8:2FTS PFHpA 3:3FTCA 8:2FTS PFUnDA PFEESA 6:2FTS PFBSA PFHxS PFTrDA PFECHS 11Cl-PF3OUdS PFPeA 4:2FTS 4:2FTS HFPO-DA 8:2FTS 4:2FTS FOSA PFNA PFBSA PFNS 4:2FTS PFTeDA 3:3FTCA PFBSA PFHpA PFMBA PFMPA PFDA PFHxSA 5:3FTCA PFMPA PFTrDA PFBSA PFHxA PFBSA PFPeS PFPeA PFNS 8:2FTS PFHxA PFEESA PFDoS 8:2FTS PFHxA ADONA PFPeS PFMBA 4:2FTS PFECHS PFTeDA PFMPA PFHxS 8:2FTS NMeFOSE 4:2FTS PFHpA 4:2FTS 4:2FTS PFHpS PFHxDA PFPeS NMeFOSE 8:2FTS PFHxS PFHxA PFHxA 6:2diPAP PFPeA PFMPA 7:3FTCA 10:2FTS PFECHS 4:2FTS 4:2FTS 5:3FTCA PFDoDA PFMBA PFNA PFEESA PFEESA NEtFOSE PFPrS PFMPA PFNA PFHxSA 5:3FTCA 6:2diPAP 5:3FTCA PFBA PFHpA 8:2diPAP PFEESA PFPrS PFBS PFNS PFUnDA PFPeA 6:2FTS 6:2diPAP PFBSA PFHxS PFMBA NFDHA PFHxA 6:2FTS PFHxA PFPeS PFDoS PFEESA 7:3FTCA PFTrDA PFTrDA PFTrDA PFPeA PFBS NMeFOSE PFOA FOSA PFTeDA 6:2diPAP NFDHA PFPeS PFHxDA PFEESA PFBA 3:3FTCA 8:2diPAP PFNS PFOA PFMBA PFUnDA PFOA 3:3FTCA PFOA 11Cl-PF3OUdS 7:3FTCA 6:2diPAP PFBS PFPeS NMeFOSE PFHpA PFPeA 11Cl-PF3OUdS PFECHS PFHxS PFMPA 10:2FTS HFPO-DA PFTrDA PFMPA PFPrS 3:3FTCA PFPrS PFBS PFDoDA PFNS NEtFOSE 7:3FTCA 6:2diPAP 8:2diPAP NMeFOSE 6:2diPAP PFOA 5:3FTCA 8:2FTS 5:3FTCA PFTeDA 4:2FTS PFECHS 6:2FTS PFNS NMeFOSAA FOSA PFMPA PFBA PFDA PFMPA PFMBA PFNS 8:2diPAP PFHxDA PFBS PFDS PFPeA PFMBA PFHxS PFBSA PFDoS 3:3FTCA PFHxSA 8:2diPAP 3:3FTCA PFBA PFHxDA NEtFOSE PFDoDA 8:2FTS HFPO-DA PFNS PFMPA PFPeA 6:2diPAP 4:2FTS PFDoS PFDA PFDoDA PFHxA HFPO-DA PFMPA PFPeA PFOA PFOA PFUnDA 9Cl-PF3ONS PFNA PFECHS PFHxDA PFBS NMeFOSE PFEESA NMeFOSE PFMBA NMeFOSE 8:2diPAP PFBA PFMBA 5:3FTCA 8:2diPAP PFPeA PFECHS HFPO-DA PFBSA ADONA PFNA 6:2FTS 6:2FTS PFNA 3:3FTCA PFHxS HFPO-DA PFTrDA PFUnDA NMeFOSE PFTrDA PFOA 11Cl-PF3OUdS NEtFOSE FOSA 10:2FTS PFEESA FOSA PFHxDA 6:2FTS PFPeS PFEESA PFPeS PFDA NMeFOSE PFHxSA 11Cl-PF3OUdS NMeFOSAA PFHxA PFOA NMeFOSAA PFMPA PFPeS NFDHA PFBA 10:2FTS PFHpA 8:2FTS 7:3FTCA PFOA NFDHA PFECHS NMeFOSAA PFHxS PFODA PFUnDA 3:3FTCA PFECHS 6:2diPAP 10:2FTS NEtFOSAA PFBA NMeFOSAA NFDHA PFPeA PFODA PFTeDA 7:3FTCA HFPO-DA PFHxA FOSA 8:2FTS PFBA 8:2FTS PFDoDA 10:2FTS 8:2FTS
PFOS
Thousands of them.
EPA’s chemical database lists more than 14,000 PFAS structures.14 Labs routinely test for a few dozen. We are starting with the most persistent.
The landscape
People are already paying to get them out.
Every method below lowers forever chemicals in someone. None of them was designed for it, and none reaches everyone.
| Approach | What the evidence shows | The catch |
| Plasma exchange and apheresis | Removes plasma, and the protein-bound chemicals it carries.11 | Clinic procedure, specialist staff, high cost per session. |
| Plasma and blood donation | Lowered PFAS levels over 12 months in a randomized trial of firefighters.8 | Slow, and limited by how often a person can donate. |
| Bile-acid binding drugs | Cholestyramine cut serum PFOS by about 60% during treatment in a clinical crossover trial.9 | Prescription drug, taken for weeks, with gut and other side effects. |
| Dietary fiber | Oat beta-glucan lowered several long-chain PFAS in a randomized trial.2 | Partial. Levels drop, but much of the PFAS stays in the body. Weeks of daily intake. |
None of these were built for scale, but we are.
It’s in you.
In nearly everyone you know.
If you would like to invest in the future, we would like to talk.